Etymological roots are indicated by the sign ç.

Language groups are as follows: SKT: Sanscrt; E: Egyptian; HB: Hebrew; GK: Greek; L: Latin; AS: Anglo Saxon; ME: Middle English; OHG: Old High German; G: German; OFR: Old French; FR: French; IT: Italian; ICL: Icelandic; N: Nordic; SW: Swedish.

Stand - ÖSTHA = to stand, stand fast; SKT: stha = to stand; GK: hesten, histemi = stand, set, place; L: stare = stand; sistere = set; G: stehen = to stand; AS: stede = place, stead, stow = a place (stage, station, statute, stool, stall, static, apostasy, stammer [`disposed to come to a stand still'], stem, stamen [warp in an upright loom which `stands up'], stamina, etc.); ÖSTHEU = to fix firmly; SKT: sthavira = fixed, firm; GK: sthulos = pillar, stoa = porch; stavros = upright pole, stake; L: instaurare = construct, build; AS: steor = paddle, rudder (steer, store, restore).