Etymological roots are indicated by the sign ç.

Language groups are as follows: SKT: Sanscrt; E: Egyptian; HB: Hebrew; GK: Greek; L: Latin; AS: Anglo Saxon; ME: Middle English; OHG: Old High German; G: German; OFR: Old French; FR: French; IT: Italian; ICL: Icelandic; N: Nordic; SW: Swedish.

SKT: pur = city; puru = much; L: poly = many; polutus = to defile (literally: pol = towards + lues = filth; cf. luere = wash); ÖPU = foul, ÖPEU = to stink, (AS: ful), putrid; SKT: puti = foul, puy = to stink; GK: puon = pus; L: pu-s = matter, putridus = putrid; cf. pell-mell = confusedly, promiscuously - literally stirred up with a shovel, from L: pala = flat spade, fire shovel (FR: pele) + mesle, from L: miscere = mix.